In this chapter, we've had an overview of the most commonly known feature of Java's security story: the security manager. The security manager is responsible for arbitrating access to what we normally consider operating system features--files, network sockets, printers, etc. The goal of the security manager is to grant access to each class according to the amount of trust the user has in the class. Often, that means granting full access to trusted classes (that is, classes that have been loaded from the filesystem) while limiting access when the access is requested from an untrusted class (that is, a class that has been loaded from the network).
Although the security manager is the most commonly known feature of Java's security story, it's often misunderstood: there is no standard security manager among Java implementations, and Java applications, by default, have no security manager at all. Even with the popular Java-enabled browsers, the user often has latitude in what protections the security manager will be asked to enforce.
We examined in this chapter all the times when the security manager is asked to make a decision regarding access; such decisions range from the expected file and network access to more esoteric decisions, such as whether a frame needs a warning banner or what thread group a particular thread should belong to. This gave us a basic understanding of how the security manager can be used to enforce a specific policy, and the issues involved when defining such a policy. This knowledge will be used as a basis in the next few chapters, when we'll look at how to implement our own security manager.
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| 4.3. Using the Security Manager |  | 5. The Access Controller |
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