dd — convert and copy a file
dd [OPERAND...]
dd OPTION
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.
force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES
convert BYTES bytes at a time
convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
copy only BLOCKS input blocks
read BYTES bytes at a time
read from FILE instead of stdin
read as per the comma separated symbol list
write BYTES bytes at a time
write to FILE instead of stdout
write as per the comma separated symbol list
skip BLOCKS obs−sized blocks at start of output
skip BLOCKS ibs−sized blocks at start of input
suppress transfer statistics
BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: xM M, c 1, w 2, b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Each CONV symbol may be:
from EBCDIC to ASCII
from ASCII to EBCDIC
from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
pad newline−terminated records with spaces to cbs−size
replace trailing spaces in cbs−size records with newline
change upper case to lower case
do not create the output file
fail if the output file already exists
do not truncate the output file
change lower case to upper case
swap every pair of input bytes
continue after read errors
pad every input block with NULs to ibs−size; when used with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
physically write output file data before finishing
likewise, but also write metadata
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
use direct I/O for data
fail unless a directory
use synchronized I/O for data
likewise, but also for metadata
use non−blocking I/O
do not update access time
do not assign controlling terminal from file
do not follow symlinks
Sending a USR1 signal to a running `dd' process makes it print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$! $ kill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid 18335302+0 records in 18335302+0 records out 9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
−−helpdisplay this help and exit
−−versionoutput version information and exit
The full documentation for dd is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and dd programs are properly installed at your site, the command
info dd
should give you access to the complete manual.
| COPYRIGHT |
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Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. |