Bibliography

All RFCs are available at no charge through electronic mail, anonymous FTP, or the World Wide Web. A starting point is http://www.ietf.org. The directory ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes is one location for RFCs. URLs are not specified for RFCs.

Items marked "Internet Draft" are works in progress of the IETF. These drafts expire six months after publication. The appropriate version of the draft may change after this book is published, or the draft may be published as an RFC. They are available at no charge via the Internet, similar to the RFCs. http://www.ietf.org is a major repository for Internet Drafts. We include the filename portion of the URL for each Internet Draft, since the filename contains the version number.

Whenever an electronic copy was found of a paper or report referenced in this bibliography, its URL is included. Be aware that these URLs can change over time, and readers are encouraged to check the Errata for this text on the book's home page for any changes (http://www.unpbook.com/) A terrific online database of papers can be found at http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cs. Entering the title of a paper or report will not only find other papers that refer to the one entered, but will also point to known online versions.

Albitz, P. and Liu, C. 2001. DNS and Bind, Fourth Edition. O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA.

Allman, M., Floyd, S., and Partridge, C. 2002. "Increasing TCP's Initial Window," RFC 3390.

Allman, M., Ostermann, S., and Metz, C. W. 1998. "FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs," RFC 2428.

Allman, M., Paxson, V., and Stevens, W. R. 1999. "TCP Congestion Control," RFC 2581.

Almquist, P. 1992. "Type of Service in the Internet Protocol Suite," RFC 1349 (obsoleted by RFC 2474). Original definition of how to use the type-of-service field in the IPv4 header. Obsoleted by RFC 2474 [Nichols et al. 1998] and RFC 3168 [Ramakrishnan, Floyd, and Black 2001].

Baker, F. 1995. "Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers," RFC 1812.

Borman, D. A. 1997a. "Re: Frequency of RST Terminated Connections," end2end-interest mailing list (http://www.unpbook.com/borman.97jan30.txt).

Borman, D. A. 1997b. "Re: SYN/RST cookies," tcp-impl mailing list (http://www.unpbook.com/borman.97jun06.txt).

Borman, D. A., Deering, S. E., and Hinden, R. 1999. "IPv6 Jumbograms," RFC 2675.

Braden, R. T. 1989. "Requirements for Internet Hosts—Communication Layers," RFC 1122. The first half of the host requirements RFC. This half covers the link layer, IPv4, ICMPv4, IGMPv4, ARP, TCP, and UDP.

Braden, R. T. 1992. "TIME-WAIT Assassination Hazards in TCP," RFC 1337.

Braden, R. T., Borman, D. A., and Partridge, C. 1988. "Computing the Internet checksum," RFC 1071.

Bradner, S. 1996. "The Internet Standards Process—Revision 3," RFC 2026.

Bush, R. 2001. "Delegation of IP6.ARPA," RFC 3152.

Butenhof, D. R. 1997. Programming with POSIX Threads. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Cain, B., Deering, S. E., Kouvelas, I., Fenner, B., and Thyagarajan, A. 2002. "Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3," RFC 3376.

Carpenter, B. and Moore, K. 2001. "Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds," RFC 3056.

CERT, 1996a. "UDP Port Deinal-of-Service Attack," Advisory CA-96.01, Computer Emergency Response Team, Pittsburgh, PA.

CERT, 1996b. "TCP SYN Flooding and IP Spoofing Attacks," Advisory CA-96.21, Computer Emergency Response Team, Pittsburgh, PA.

Cheswick, W. R., Bellovin, S. M., and Rubin, A. D. 2003. Firewalls and Internet Security: Repelling the Wily Hacker, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Conta, A. and Deering, S. E. 1998. "Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," RFC 2463.

Conta, A. and Deering, S. E. 2001. "Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," draft-ietf-ipngwg-icmp-v3-02.txt (Internet Draft). This is a revision of [Conta and Deering 1998] and is expected to eventually replace it.

Crawford, M. 1998a. "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks," RFC 2464.

Crawford, M. 1998b. "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over FDDI Networks," RFC 2467.

Crawford, M., Narten, T., and Thomas, S. 1998. "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Token Ring Networks," RFC 2470.

Deering, S. E. 1989. "Host extensions for IP multicasting," RFC 1112.

Deering, S. E. and Hinden, R. 1998. "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," RFC 2460.

Draves, R. 2003. "Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)," RFC 3484.

Eriksson, H. 1994. "MBONE: The Multicast Backbone," Communications of the ACM, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 54-60.

Fink, R. and Hinden, R. 2003. "6bone (IPv6 Testing Address Allocation) Phaseout," draft-fink-6bone-phaseout-04.txt(Internet Draft).

Fuller, V., Li, T., Yu, J. Y., and Varadhan, K. 1993. "Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy," RFC 1519.

Garfinkel, S. L., Schwartz, A., and Spafford, E. H. 2003. Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 3rd Edition. O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastapol, CA.

Gettys, J. and Nielsen, H. F. 1998. SMUX Protocol Specification (http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-mux).

Gierth, A. 1996. Private communication.

Gilligan, R. E. and Nordmark, E. 2000. "Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers," RFC 2893.

Gilligan, R. E., Thomson, S., Bound, J., McCann, J., and Stevens, W. R. 2003. "Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6," RFC 3493.

Gilligan, R. E., Thomson, S., Bound, J., and Stevens, W. R. 1997. "Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6," RFC 2133 (obsoleted by RFC 2553).

Gilligan, R. E., Thomson, S., Bound, J., and Stevens, W. R. 1999. "Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6," RFC 2553 (obsoleted by RFC 3493).

Haberman, B. 2002. "Allocation Guidelines for IPv6 Multicast Addresses," RFC 3307.

Haberman, B. and Thaler, D. 2002. "Unicast-Prefix-based IPv6 Multicast Addresses," RFC 3306.

Handley, M. and Jacobson, V. 1998. "SDP: Session Description Protocol," RFC 2327.

Handley, M., Perkins, C., and Whelan, E. 2000. "Session Announcement Protocol," RFC 2974.

Harkins, D. and Carrel, D. 1998. "The Internet Key Exchange (IKE)," RFC 2409.

Hinden, R. and Deering, S. E. 2003. "Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Addressing Architecture," RFC 3513.

Hinden, R., Deering, S. E., and Nordmark, E. 2003. "IPv6 Global Unicast Address Format," RFC 3587.

Hinden, R., Fink, R., and Postel, J. B. 1998. "IPv6 Testing Address Allocation," RFC 2471.

Holbrook, H. and Cheriton, D. 1999. "IP multicast channels: EXPRESS support for large-scale single-source applications,"Computer Communication Review, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 65–78.

Huitema, C. 2001. "An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers," RFC 3068.

IANA, 2003. Protocol/Number Assignments Directory (http://www.iana.org/numbers.htm).

IEEE, 1996. "Information Technology—Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)—Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]," IEEE Std 1003.1, 1996 Edition, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ. This version of POSIX.1 contains the 1990 base API, the 1003.1b realtime extensions (1993), the 1003.1c pthreads (1995), and the 1003-1i technical corrections (1995). This is also International Standard ISO/IEC 9945–1: 1996 (E). Ordering information on IEEE standards and draft standards is available at http://www.ieee.org.

IEEE, 1997. Guidelines for 64-bit Global Identifier (EUI-64) Registration Authority. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ (http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html).

Jacobson, V. 1988. "Congestion Avoidance and Control,"Computer Communication Review, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 314–329 (ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/papers/congavoid.ps.Z). A classic paper describing the slow start and congestion avoidance algorithms for TCP.

Jacobson, V., Braden, R. T., and Borman, D. A. 1992. "TCP Extensions for High Performance," RFC 1323. Describes the window scale option, the timestamp option, and the PAWS algorithm, along with the reasons why these modifications were needed.

Jacobson, V., Braden, R. T., and Zhang, L. 1990. "TCP Extension for High-Speed Paths," RFC 1185 (obsoleted by RFC 1323).

Josey, A., ed. 1997. Go Solo 2: The Authorized Guide to Version 2 of the Single UNIX Specification. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Josey, A., ed. 2002. The Single UNIX Specification—The Authorized Guide to Version 3. The Open Group, Berkshire, UK.

Joy, W. N. 1994. Private communication.

Karn, P. and Partridge, C. 1991. "Improving Round-Trip Time Estimates in Reliable Transport Protocols,"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 364–373.

Katz, D. 1993. "Transmission of IP and ARP over FDDI Networks," RFC 1390.

Katz, D. 1997. "IP Router Alert Option," RFC 2113.

Kent, S. T. 1991. "U. S. Department of Defense Security Options for the Internet Protocol," RFC 1108.

Kent, S. T. 2003a. "IP Authentication Header," draft-ietf-ipsec-rfc2402bis-04.txt(Internet Draft).

Kent, S. T. 2003b. "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)," draft-ietf-ipsec-esp-v3-06.txt (Internet Draft).

Kent, S. T. and Atkinson, R. J. 1998a. "Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol," RFC 2401.

Kent, S. T. and Atkinson, R. J. 1998b. "IP Authentication Header," RFC 2402. As of this writing, this RFC is being updated by the IETF IPsec Working Group (see [Kent 2003a]).

Kent, S. T. and Atkinson, R. J. 1998c. "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)," RFC 2406. As of this writing, this RFC is being updated by the IETF IPsec Working Group (see [Kent 2003b]).

Kernighan, B. W. and Pike, R. 1984. The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Kernighan, B. W. and Ritchie, D. M. 1988. The C Programming Language, Second Edition. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Lanciani, D. 1996. "Re: sockets: AF_INET vs. PF_INET," Message-ID: <3561@news.IPSWITCH.COM>, USENET comp.protocols.tcp-ip Newsgroup (http://www.unpbook.com/lanciani.96apr10.txt).

Maslen, T. M. 1997. "Re: gethostbyXXXX() and Threads," Message-ID: <maslen.862463630 @shellx>, USENET comp.programming.threads Newsgroup (http://www.unpbook.com/maslen.97may01.txt).

McCann, J., Deering, S. E., and Mogul, J. C. 1996. "Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6," RFC 1981.

McCanne, S. and Jacobson, V. 1993. "The BSD Packet Filter: A New Architecture for User-Level Packet Capture," Proceedings of the 1993 Winter USENIX Conference, San Diego, CA, pp. 259–269.

McDonald, D. L., Metz, C. W., and Phan, B. G. 1998. "PF_KEY Key Management API, Version 2," RFC 2367.

McKusick, M. K., Bostic, K., Karels, M.J., and Quarterman, J. S. 1996. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Meyer, D. 1998. "Administratively Scoped IP Multicast," RFC 2365.

Mills, D. L. 1992. "Network Time Protocol (Version 3) Specification, Implementation," RFC 1305.

Mills, D. L. 1996. "Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4 for IPv4, IPv6 and OSI," RFC 2030.

Mogul, J. C. and Deering, S. E. 1990. "Path MTU discovery," RFC 1191.

Mogul, J. C. and Postel, J. B. 1985. "Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure," RFC 950.

Narten, T. and Draves, R. 2001. "Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6," RFC 3041.

Nemeth, E. 1997. Private communication.

Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and Black, D. 1998. "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers," RFC 2474.

Nordmark, E. 2000. "Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm (SIIT)," RFC 2765.

Ong, L., Rytina, I., Garcia, M., Schwarzbauer, H., Coene, L., Lin, H., Juhasz, I., Holdrege, M., and Sharp, C. 1999. "Framework Architecture for Signaling Transport," RFC 2719.

Ong, L. and Yoakum, J. 2002. "An Introduction to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)," RFC 3286.

The Open Group, 1997. CAE Specification, Networking Services (XNS), Issue 5. The Open Group, Berkshire, UK. This is the specification for sockets and XTI in Unix 98, now superseded by The Single UNIX Specification, Version 3. This manual also has appendices describing the use of XTI with Net-BIOS, the OSI protocols, SNA, and the Netware IPX and SPX protocols. Three appendices cover the use of both sockets and XTI with ATM.

Partridge, C. and Jackson, A. 1999. "IPv6 Router Alert Option," RFC 2711.

Partridge, C., Mendez, T., and Milliken, W. 1993. "Host Anycasting Service," RFC 1546.

Partridge, C. and Pink, S. 1993. "A Faster UDP," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 429–440.

Paxson, V. 1996. "End-to-End Routing Behavior in the Internet," Computer Communication Review, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 25–38 (ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/papers/routing.SIGCOMM.ps.z).

Paxson, V. and Allman, M. 2000. "Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer," RFC 2988.

Plauger, P.J. 1992. The Standard C Library. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Postel, J. B. 1980. "User Datagram Protocol," RFC 768.

Postel, J. B. 1981a. "Internet Protocol," RFC 791.

Postel, J. B. 1981b. "Internet Control Message Protocol," RFC 792.

Postel, J. B. 1981c. "Transmission Control Protocol," RFC 793.

Pusateri, T. 1993. "IP Multicast over Token-Ring Local Area Networks," RFC 1469.

Rago, S. A. 1993. UNIX System V Network Programming. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Rajahalme, J., Conta, A., Carpenter, B., and Deering, S. E. 2003. "IPv6 Flow Label Specification," draft-ietf-ipv6-flow-label-07.txt (Internet Draft).

Ramakrishnan, K., Floyd, S., and Black, D. 2001. "The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP," RFC 3168.

Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, B., Karrenberg, D., de Groot, G. J., and Lear, E. 1996. "Address Allocation for Private Internets," RFC 1918.

Reynolds, J. K. 2002. "Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700 is Replaced by an On-line Database," RFC 3232. The database referred to in this RFC is [IANA 2003].

Reynolds, J. K. and Postel, J. B. 1994. "Assigned Numbers," RFC 1700 (obsoleted by RFC 3232). This RFC is the last in the series of "Assigned Numbers" RFCs. Since the information changed so often, it was decided to simply keep the directory online. See [Reynolds 2002] for more explanation or [IANA 2003] for the database itself.

Ritchie, D. M. 1984. "A Stream Input-Output System,"AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal, vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 1897–1910.

Salus, P. H. 1994. A Quarter Century of Unix. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Salus, P. H. 1995. Casting the Net: From ARPANET to Internet and Beyond. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Schimmel, C. 1994. UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Spero, S. 1996. Session Control Protocol (SCP) (http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP-NG/ http-ng-scp.html).

Srinivasan, R. 1995. "XDR: External Data Representation Standard," RFC 1832.

Stevens, W. R. 1992. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. All the details of Unix programming. Referred to in this text as APUE.

Stevens, W. R. 1994. TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. A complete introduction to the Internet protocols. Referred to in this text as TCPv1.

Stevens, W. R. 1996. TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3: TCP for Transactions, HTTP, NNTP, and the UNIX Domain Protocols. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Referred to in this text as TCPv3.

Stevens, W. R. and Thomas, M. 1998. "Advanced Sockets API for IPv6," RFC 2292 (obsoleted by RFC 3542).

Stevens, W. R., Thomas, M., Nordmark, E., and Jinmei, T. 2003. "Advanced Sockets Application Program Interface (API) for IPv6," RFC 3542.

Stewart, R. R., Bestler, C., Jim, J., Ganguly, S., Shah, H., and Kashyap, V. 2003a. "Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) Direct Data Placement (DDP) Adaptation," draft-stewart-rddp-sctp-02.txt (Internet Draft).

Stewart, R. R., Ramalho, M., Xie, Q., Tuexen, M., Rytina, I., Belinchon, M., and Conrad, P. 2003b. "Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Dynamic Address Reconfiguration," draft-ietf-tsvwg-addip-sctp-07.txt (Internet Draft).

Stewart, R. R. and Xie, Q. 2001. Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP): A Reference Guide. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Stewart, R. R., Xie, Q., Morneault, K., Sharp, C., Schwarzbauer, H., Taylor, T., Rytina, I., Kalla, M., Zhang, L., and Paxson, V. 2000. "Stream Control Transmission Protocol," RFC 2960.

Stone, J., Stewart, R. R., and Otis, D. 2002. "Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Checksum Change," RFC 3309.

Tanenbaum, A. S. 1987. Operating Systems Design and Implementation. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Thomson, S. and Huitema, C. 1995. "DNS Extensions to support IP version 6," RFC 1886.

Torek, C. 1994. "Re: Delay in re-using TCP/IP port," Message-ID: <199501010028.QAA16863 @elf.bsdi.com>, USENET comp.unix.wizards Newsgroup (http://www.unpbook.com/torek.94dec31.txt).

Touch, J. 1997. "TCP Control Block Interdependence," RFC 2140.

Unix International, 1991. Data Link Provider Interface Specification. Unix International, Parsippany, NJ, Revision 2.0.0 (http://www.unpbook.com/dlpi.2.0.0.ps). A newer version of this specification is available online from The Open Group at http://www.rdg.opengroup.org/pubs/catalog/web.htm.

Unix International, 1992a. Network Provider Interface Specification. Unix International, Parsippany, NJ, Revision 2.0.0 (http://www.unpbook.com/npi.2.0.0.ps).

Unix International, 1992b. Transport Provider Interface Specification. Unix International, Parsippany, NJ, Revision 1.5 (http://www.unpbook.com/tpi.1.5.ps). A newer version of this specification is available online from The Open Group at http://www.rdg.opengroup.org/pubs/catalog/web.htm.

Vixie, P. A. 1996. Private communication.

Wright, G. R. and Stevens, W. R. 1995. TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: The Implementation. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. The implementation of the Internet protocols in the 4.4BSD-Lite operating system. Referred to in this text as TCPv2.