msgctl
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Name

msgctl — message control operations

Synopsis

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgctl( int   msqid,
  int   cmd,
  struct msqid_ds *  buf);

DESCRIPTION

msgctl() performs the control operation specified by cmd on the message queue with identifier msqid.

The msqid_ds data structure is defined in <sys/msg.h> as follows:

struct msqid_ds {
  struct ipc_perm   msg_perm;
/* Ownership and permissions */
  time_t   msg_stime;
/* Time of last msgsnd(2) */
  time_t   msg_rtime;
/* Time of last msgrcv(2) */
  time_t   msg_ctime;
/* Time of last change */
  unsigned long   __msg_cbytes;
/* Current number of bytes in
queue (non-standard) */
  msgqnum_t   msg_qnum;
/* Current number of messages
in queue */
  msglen_t   msg_qbytes;
/* Maximum number of bytes
allowed in queue */
  pid_t   msg_lspid;
/* PID of last msgsnd(2) */
  pid_t   msg_lrpid;
/* PID of last msgrcv(2) */
};

The ipc_perm structure is defined in <sys/ipc.h> as follows (the highlighted fields are settable using IPC_SET):

struct ipc_perm {
  key_t   key;
/* Key supplied to msgget(2) */
  uid_t   uid;
/* Effective UID of owner */
  gid_t   gid;
/* Effective GID of owner */
  uid_t   cuid;
/* Effective UID of creator */
  gid_t   cgid;
/* Effective GID of creator */
  unsigned short   mode;
/* Permissions */
  unsigned short   seq;
/* Sequence number */
};

Valid values for cmd are:

IPC_STAT

Copy information from the kernel data structure associated with msqid into the msqid_ds structure pointed to by buf. The caller must have read permission on the message queue.

IPC_SET

Write the values of some members of the msqid_ds structure pointed to by buf to the kernel data structure associated with this message queue, updating also its msg_ctime member. The following members of the structure are updated: msg_qbytes, msg_perm.uid, msg_perm.gid, and (the least significant 9 bits of) msg_perm.mode. The effective UID of the calling process must match the owner (msg_perm.uid) or creator (msg_perm.cuid) of the message queue, or the caller must be privileged. Appropriate privilege (Linux: the CAP_IPC_RESOURCE capability) is required to raise the msg_qbytes value beyond the system parameter MSGMNB.

IPC_RMID

Immediately remove the message queue, awakening all waiting reader and writer processes (with an error return and errno set to EIDRM). The calling process must have appropriate privileges or its effective user ID must be either that of the creator or owner of the message queue.

IPC_INFO (Linux-specific)

Returns information about system-wide message queue limits and parameters in the structure pointed to by buf. This structure is of type msginfo (thus, a cast is required), defined in <sys/msg.h> if the _GNU_SOURCE feature test macro is defined:

struct msginfo {
  int   msgpool;
/* Size in bytes of buffer pool used
to hold message data; unused */
  int   msgmap;
/* Max. # of entries in message
map; unused */
  int   msgmax;
/* Max. # of bytes that can be
written in a single message */
  int   msgmnb;
/* Max. # of bytes that can be written to
queue; used to initialize msg_qbytes
during queue creation (msgget(2)) */
  int   msgmni;
/* Max. # of message queues */
  int   msgssz;
/* Message segment size; unused */
  int   msgtql;
/* Max. # of messages on all queues
in system; unused */
  unsigned short int   msgseg;
/* Max. # of segments; unused */
};

The msgmni, msgmax, and msgmnb settings can be changed via /proc files of the same name; see proc(5) for details.

MSG_INFO (Linux-specific)

Returns a msginfo structure containing the same information as for IPC_INFO, except that the following fields are returned with information about system resources consumed by message queues: the msgpool field returns the number of message queues that currently exist on the system; the msgmap field returns the total number of messages in all queues on the system; and the msgtql field returns the total number of bytes in all messages in all queues on the system.

MSG_STAT (Linux-specific)

Returns a msqid_ds structure as for IPC_STAT. However, the msqid argument is not a queue identifier, but instead an index into the kernel's internal array that maintains information about all message queues on the system.

RETURN VALUE

On success, IPC_STAT, IPC_SET, and IPC_RMID return 0. A successful IPC_INFO or MSG_INFO operation returns the index of the highest used entry in the kernel's internal array recording information about all message queues. (This information can be used with repeated MSG_STAT operations to obtain information about all queues on the system.) A successful MSG_STAT operation returns the identifier of the queue whose index was given in msqid.

On error, −1 is returned with errno indicating the error.

ERRORS

On failure, errno is set to one of the following:

EACCES

The argument cmd is equal to IPC_STAT or MSG_STAT, but the calling process does not have read permission on the message queue msqid, and does not have the CAP_IPC_OWNER capability.

EFAULT

The argument cmd has the value IPC_SET or IPC_STAT, but the address pointed to by buf isn't accessible.

EIDRM

The message queue was removed.

EINVAL

Invalid value for cmd or msqid. Or: for a MSG_STAT operation, the index value specified in msqid referred to an array slot that is currently unused.

EPERM

The argument cmd has the value IPC_SET or IPC_RMID, but the effective user ID of the calling process is not the creator (as found in msg_perm.cuid) or the owner (as found in msg_perm.uid) of the message queue, and the process is not privileged (Linux: it does not have the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability).

CONFORMING TO

SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.

NOTES

The IPC_INFO, MSG_STAT and MSG_INFO operations are used by the ipcs(8) program to provide information on allocated resources. In the future these may modified or moved to a /proc file system interface.

Various fields in the struct msqid_ds were typed as short under Linux 2.2 and have become long under Linux 2.4. To take advantage of this, a recompilation under glibc-2.1.91 or later should suffice. (The kernel distinguishes old and new calls by an IPC_64 flag in cmd.)

SEE ALSO

msgget(2), msgrcv(2), msgsnd(2), capabilities(7), mq_overview(7), svipc(7)

COLOPHON

This page is part of release 2.79 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.


  Copyright 1993 Giorgio Ciucci (giorgiocrcc.it)
and Copyright 2004, 2005 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpagesgmail.com>

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
permission notice identical to this one.

Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.

Modified Tue Oct 22 08:11:14 EDT 1996 by Eric S. Raymond <esrthyrsus.com>
Modified Sun Feb 18 01:59:29 2001 by Andries E. Brouwer <aebcwi.nl>
Modified, 27 May 2004, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpagesgmail.com>
    Added notes on CAP_IPC_OWNER requirement
Modified, 17 Jun 2004, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpagesgmail.com>
    Added notes on CAP_SYS_ADMIN requirement for IPC_SET and IPC_RMID
Modified, 11 Nov 2004, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpagesgmail.com>
Language and formatting clean-ups
Added msqid_ds and ipc_perm structure definitions
2005-08-02, mtk: Added IPC_INFO, MSG_INFO, MSG_STAT descriptions
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