The Solaris Installation Prechecklist
Before you begin installing the operating system, it's important to make sure you have everything you'll need. Adequate planning and preparation will save you time and trouble later. If the system is currently running a version of Solaris, make a full backup of all file systems before reloading the operating system. Even if the file systems are on separate disks than the operating system, make sure you have backups in place. As the saying goes, "better safe than sorry." I recommend completing the installation worksheet in Table 2.2 so that all of the information you'll need is handy during the installation.
Table 2.2. Installation WorksheetItem or Option | Issue | Status |
|---|
Network | Is the system connected to a network? | Yes/No | Hostname | The name for the system. Hostnames should be short, easy to spell, and lowercase, and they should have no more than 64 characters. If the system is on a network, the hostname should be unique. | | DHCP | Will the system use the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to configure its network interface? | Yes/No | IP address | If not using DHCP, supply the static IP address for the system. This information must come from your site IP coordinator. 192.9.200.1 is one example of an IP address. IP addresses must be unique for every system on your network. For a large site or a site that has a presence on the Internet, you should apply for a unique IP address from the NIC to ensure that no other network node shares your address. | | Subnet | If not using DHCP, is the system part of a subnet? If using a subnet, make sure you also get the subnet mask used at your site. On anexisting system, this information can be obtained from the /etc/netmasks file. | Yes/No | IPv6 | You'll be asked if support for IPv6, the next generation Internet protocol, should be installed. | Yes/No | Kerberos | Do you want to configure Kerberos security on this system? Kerberos provides selectable, strong, user- or server-level authentication based on symmetric key cryptography. Ask your in-house security personnel if Kerberos security is required. If yes, gather the following:
Default realm:
Administration server:
First KDC:
Additional KDCs: | Yes/No | Name service | NIS, NIS+, DNS, LDAP, or NONE. You'll need to specify which name service your system will be using (or NONE if you're not using one). On a running system, you can check which name service is being used by examining the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. | | Domain name | If the system uses a name service, supply the name of the domain in which the system resides. On a running system, this information can be obtained using the /usr/bin/domainname command. | | Default router | Do you want to specify a default IP router (gateway) or let the Solaris Web Start installation program find one?
If you want to specify a default route, provide the following information. Router IP address: | | Time zone | You'll need to specify the geographic region and time zone in which this system will be operated.
Geographic region:
Offset from GMT:
Time zone file: | | Power management | Do you want to use power management? (Only available on SPARC systems that support power management) | Yes/No | Proxy server configuration | Do you have a direct connection to the Internet, or do you need to use a proxy server to gain access to the Internet? If you use a proxy server, provide the following:
Host:
Port: | | Locales | For which geographic regions do you want to install support? | | Software group | Which Solaris Software group do you want to install? (Reduced Networking Support, Entire Plus OEM, Entire, Developer, End User, or Core) | | Custom package selection | Do you want to add or remove software packages from the Solaris software group that you install? | | Select disks | On which disk(s) do you want to install the Solaris software? (for example, c0t0d0) | | Preserve data | Do you want to preserve data on any of the disk partitions? (Only available when using suninstall) | Yes/No | Autolayout file systems | Do you want the installation program to automatically lay out file systems on your disks?
If yes, which file systems should be used for autolayout? If no, you'll need to provide file system configuration information and you should have the layout of your disk slices prepared in advance. | Yes/No | Mount remote file systems | Does this system need to access software on another file system? If yes, provide the following information about the remote file system:
Server:
IP address:
Remote file system:
Local mount point:
(Only available when using suninstall) | Yes/No | Root password | During the installation, you will be asked to assign a password to the root user account. | | Language | Determine the language to be used to install the Solaris 10 operating environment. | |
You can use the sysidcfg file to preconfigure this information for a system. You must create a unique sysidcfg file for every system that requires different configuration information. You can use the same sysidcfg file to preconfigure parameters that are common between systems such as time zone, domain name, and so on. You'll need a system specific sysidcfg file to specify parameters that are unique to each system, such as IP address, hostname, and root password. The sysidcfg file is covered in detail in Chapter 13.
Next, verify that you have enough disk space for Solaris 10 and all the co-packaged and third-party software you plan to add. (Refer to the section "Software Groups" earlier in this chapter.) Normally, a server would have several gigabytes (GB) of disk space available for the operating system, so you'll be installing the full distribution software group. Also, you need to check with your software vendor regarding space requirements for any third-party software packages as well as swap space requirements.
Using the Interactive Installation Process (suninstall)
After gathering the information for the installation worksheet, you are ready to begin the installation process. The following steps outline the process for installing Solaris 10 on a Sun SPARC system using the suninstall interactive installation method. With the conventional interactive installation, Solaris is installed by using the Solaris install tool, suninstall, a friendly and easy-to-use interface that will carry out a dialog for installing the operating system. The dialog will ask you several questions about the installation. This section provides an overview of the installation process using the conventional interactive installation program, suninstall.
suninstall brings up various menus and asks for your input. For this example, I'll be using a character-based terminal. Those of you using a bitmapped display will see the same dialog, but it will be graphical. You'll be able to use your mouse to click on your selections. The suninstall interface allows you to go back to previous screens if you make a mistake, and it doesn't actually do anything to your system until the installation program reaches the end and tells you it is about to start the loading process. During the installation, help is always available via the Help button.
Caution
Reinstalling the OS Destroys Data The following procedure reinstalls your operating system. That means it destroys all data on the target file systems.
If you're upgrading or installing Solaris on a running system, use the steps in Step by Step 2.1 to shut down and then perform the installation.
1. | Become root.
| 2. | Issue the shutdown command. This command, described in chapter 3, brings the system to a single-user state by halting the window system and leaving you with a single root prompt on the console. It takes about a minute.
| 3. | Issue the halt command. This command puts you into the PROM. You'll know you're in the PROM when you receive either an ok or a > prompt.
| 4. | Put the Solaris 10 CD-ROM 1 into the CD-ROM player and boot from the CD-ROM. If your system has a DVD-ROM, place the Solaris 10 DVD into the drive and boot from the DVD. For this example, I'll be installing from CD-ROM media.
| 5. | At the ok prompt, type boot cdrom.
This command will start the default GUI installation on a bit-mapped console if your system has at least 384MB of RAM installed. If your system has less than 384MB of ram, enter boot cdrom - nowin for the CLI (command line interface) version of the installation program. If the console does not support graphics, you'll automatically be put into the CLI version of the installation.
|
If you are installing Solaris onto an x86- or x64-based system, you will not have the ok prompt, so you'll need to follow these steps:
Place the CD (or DVD) into the CD-ROM drive and boot to the CD. Your system's BIOS must be configured to boot from the CD-ROM.
You'll be presented with a hardware configuration screen where you'll have the option of modifying device settings or continuing. You must press the ESC key within five seconds to interrupt the installation and modify device settings; otherwise the installation will continue.
Select an install type. For the example, select Solaris Interactive.
On the Solaris Installation Program screen, press F2_Continue. If the installation program detects the type of keyboard, display, and mouse on your system, the Select a Language screen is displayed. If the installation program does not detect the type of keyboard, display, and mouse on your system, the kdmconfig - Introduction screen is displayed.
The kdmconfig utility detects the drivers that are necessary to configure the keyboard, display, and mouse on your system. The kdmconfig utility displays the results of this search in the kdmconfig - View and Edit Window System Configuration screen.
If the kdmconfig utility cannot detect the video driver for your system, the kdmconfig utility selects the 640x480 VGA driver. The Solaris installation GUI cannot be displayed with the 640x480 VGA driver. As a result, the Solaris installation text installer is displayed. To use the Solaris installation GUI, use the kdmconfig utility to select the correct video driver for your system.
When you are finished, select No changes needed - Test/Save and Exit and press F2_Continue. The kdmconfig Window System Configuration Test screen appears. Press F2_Continue. The screen refreshes and the kdmconfig Window System Configuration Test palette and pattern screen appears.
Move the pointer and examine the colors that are shown on the palette to ensure that they are displayed accurately.
If the colors are not displayed accurately, click No. If possible, press any key on the keyboard, or wait until kdmconfig exits the kdmconfig Window System Configuration Test screen automatically.
If the colors are displayed accurately, your graphic controller card is configured correctly. Click Yes and after a few seconds, the Select a Language screen is displayed as shown, and the installation will begin.
|
Note
You can enter the installation program and complete all of the selections, but no changes will be made to the disk until you click the Begin Installation button at the end of the installation process.
The system starts from the CD-ROM, the installation program is loaded into memory, and it begins configuring devices. Ignore any messages such as cables not connected or network interfaces that fail to respond. After a few minutes, you'll enter the system identification section of the installation. The installation program will open a dialog, asking you various questions about your locale and language as follows:
Select a Language
0. English
1. French
2. German
3. Italian
4. Japanese
5. Korean
6. Simplified Chinese
7. Spanish
8. Swedish
9. Traditional Chinese
Please make a choice (0 - 9), or press h or ? for help: | 6. | Select a language by entering the corresponding number and press Enter. In the example, I selected 0 for English. The system responded with the following menu querying your terminal type:
What type of terminal are you using?
1) ANSI Standard CRT
2) DEC VT52
3) DEC VT100
4) Heathkit 19
5) Lear Siegler ADM31
6) PC Console
7) Sun Command Tool
8) Sun Workstation
9) Televideo 910
10) Televideo 925
11) Wyse Model 50
12) X Terminal Emulator (xterms)
13) Other
Type the number of your choice and press Return:
This menu only comes up when you're using a character-based screen. You will not see this menu if you're using a bitmapped display.
| 7. | For this example, I selected item 3 and pressed the Return key. The following menu displays next:
--The Solaris Installation Program--
The Solaris installation program is divided into a series of \
short sections where you'll be prompted to provide information \
for the installation. At the end of each section, you'll be able \
to change the selections you've made before continuing.
About navigation...
- The mouse cannot be used
- If your keyboard does not have function keys, or they do not
respond, press ESC; the legend at the bottom of the screen
will change to show the ESC keys to use for navigation.
Again, this menu of options will only be displayed when using a character-based screen. On a bitmapped display, you will not see this menu.
| 8. | I pressed the F2 key to continue. The following menu displays next:
----Identify This System ----
On the next screens, you must identify this system as networked or \
non-networked, and set the default time zone and date/time.
If this system is networked, the software will try to find the \
information it needs to identify your system; you will be prompted \
to supply any information it cannot find.
> To begin identifying this system, press F2. | 9. | Press the F2 key to continue. The following menu will be displayed:
---Network Connectivity----
Specify Yes if the system is connected to the network by one of \
the Solaris or vendor network/communication Ethernet cards that \
are supported on the Solaris CD. See your hardware documentation \
for the current list of supported cards.
Specify No if the system is connected to a network/communication
 card that is not \
supported on the Solaris CD, and follow the instructions listed
under Help.
Networked
[X] Yes
[ ] No
F2_Continue F6_Help
If the system is connected to a Sun-supported network/communication card, select Yes. If the system is connected to a network card that is not supported on the Solaris CD-ROM, select No and complete the installation of Solaris software as follows:
Install the unbundled network/communication card.
As root, run the /usr/sbin/sys-unconfig program to return the system to its "as-manufactured" state. This command is entered with no options and simply unconfigures your system's hostname, network information, service domain name, time zone, IP address, subnet mask, and root password. When sys-unconfig is finished, it performs a system shutdown.
Attach the network adapter to the system.
At the ok prompt, type boot -r.
Provide network information as prompted on the screen, and the network will now be aware of the system. After making your selection, press the F2 key to continue. The following menu will be displayed:
Primary Network Interface
On this screen you must specify which of the following network \
adapters is the system's primary network interface. \
Usually the correct choice is the lowest number. \
However, do not guess; ask your system administrator \
if you're not sure.
> To make a selection, use the arrow keys to highlight the \
option and press Return to mark it [X].
Primary network interface
[X] hme0
[ ] qfe0
[ ] qfe1
[ ] qfe2
[ ] qfe3
F2_Continue F6_Help
Specify the primary network interface for your system. This information is requested if the software detects multiple Ethernet cards or network adapter cards on your system. This screen will be displayed if you're installing a gateway from a CD-ROM; on this system, I have the primary network adapter and four additional network adapters installed.
In most cases, the correct choice is to select the lowest-numbered interface. However, if you don't know, ask your system or network administrator.
Caution
Specify the Correct Network Interface If you specify the incorrect primary network interface, your system might not be able to find a name service.
In this example, I selected hme0 as the interface and pressed F2 to continue and the following menu was displayed:
---DHCP ----
On this screen you must specify whether or not this system \
should use DHCP for network interface configuration. \
Choose Yes if DHCP is to be used, or No if the interfaces \
are to be configured manually.
NOTE: DHCP support will not be enabled, if selected, until \
after the system reboots.
Use DHCP
[ ] Yes
[X] No
F2_Continue F6_Help | 10. | For more information on DHCP, see Chapter 12, "Naming Services." For this example, I selected No and pressed F2 to continue. The following menu displays next:
---Host Name ----
Enter the host name which identifies this system on the network. \
The name must be unique within your domain; creating a duplicate \
host name will cause problems on the network after you install
Solaris. \
A host name must be at least two characters; it can contain \
letters, digits, and minus signs (-).
Host name:___ultra5____________
F2_Continue F6_Help | 11. | Enter a unique hostname. In this example, I entered ultra5 for the hostname and pressed F2 to continue. The following menu displays next:
---IP Address----
Enter the Internet Protocol (IP) address for this network
interface. \
It must be unique and follow your site's address conventions, or a \
system/network failure could result.
IP addresses contain four sets of numbers separated by periods \
(for example 129.200.9.1).
IP address: 192.168.0.125
F2_Continue F6_Help | 12. | This menu displays if you did not select DHCP earlier in the process. Internet addresses are usually assigned by network or system administrators according to local and Internetwork policies. Because creating duplicate IP addresses can cause network problems, do not guess or make up a number; check with your system or network administrator for help. See Chapter 8, "The Solaris Network Environment," for more information on IP addresses. For this example, I set the IP address to 192.168.1.198 and pressed F2 to continue. The following menu displays next:
---Subnets---
On this screen you must specify whether this system is \
part of a subnet. If you specify incorrectly, the system \
will have problems communicating on the network after you reboot.
> To make a selection, use the arrow keys to highlight \
the option and press Return to mark it [X].
System part of a subnet
[ ] Yes
[X] No
F2_Continue F6_Help | 13. | Specify whether your system is on a network that has subnets. If the network to which your system is connected is divided into subnets (usually using routers or gateways), answer Yes. If you do not know if your network has subnets, do not guess; check with your system administrator for help. For this example, my system was not part of a subnet, so I selected No and pressed F2 to continue. The following menu displays next:
---IPv6---
Specify whether or not you want to enable IPv6, the next
generation Internet \
Protocol, on this network interface. Enabling IPv6 will have no
effect if \
this machine is not on a network that provides IPv6 service.
IPv4 service \
will not be affected if IPv6 is enabled.
To make a selection, use the arrow keys to highlight \
the option and press Return to mark it [X].
Enable IPv6
[ ] Yes
[X] No
F2_Continue F6_Help | 14. | Specify whether this system will use IPv6, the next generation Internet protocol described in Chapter 8. This system will not use IPv6, so I selected No and pressed F2 to continue. The following menu displays next:
---Default Route---
To specify the default route, you can let the software try to
detect one
upon reboot, you can specify the IP address of the router, or you
can choose
None. Choose None if you do not have a router on your subnet.
To make a selection, use the arrow keys to highlight \
your choice and press Return to mark it [X].
Default Route for hme0
[X] Detect one upon reboot
[ ] Specify one
[ ] None
F2_Continue F6_Help | 15. | Specify whether a default route is needed and, if so, specify an IP address to the router (gateway) in the network. The router is used to forward all network traffic that is not addressed to the local subnet. See Chapter 8, for more information. If you know the address of your default router, select Specify One. If not, you can select Find One, and the system will try to locate the default router. In this example, I selected Find One and pressed F2. The following summary menu displays next:
---Confirm Information for hme0 ---
> Confirm the following information. If it is correct, press F2;
to change any information, press F4.
Networked: Yes
Use DHCP: No
Host name: ultra5
IP address: 192.168.1.198
System part of a subnet: No
Enable IPv6: No
Default Route: Detect one upon reboot | 16. | Confirm the settings by pressing F2 and the next menu is displayed:
Configure Security Policy:
Specify Yes if the system will use the Kerberos security \
mechanism. Specify No if this system will use standard UNIX \
security.
Configure Kerberos Security
[ ] Yes
[X] No
F2_Continue F6_Help
This specifies the type of security policy being implemented on this system. If no special security policy is desired, select No and normal Unix security will be implemented.
Note
Kerberos Security Using Kerberos requires coordination with your network administrator. You will need to know certain information, such as the fully qualified domain name of one or more KDCs. If you do not have this information or don't know what this is, you can add it later to the /etc/krb5/krb5.conf file.
| 17. | On this system, I will be using normal Unix security, so I selected No and pressed F2. The following confirmation menu displays next:
Confirm Information
> Confirm the following information. If it is correct, \
press F2; to change any information, press F4.
Configure Kerberos Security: No
F2_Continue F4_Change F6_Help | 18. | If everything looks okay, press F2 to continue. The following menu displays next:
Name Service
On this screen you must provide name service information. \
Select the name service that will be used by this system, \
or None if your system will either not use a name service \
at all, or if it will use a name service not listed here.
> To make a selection, use the arrow keys to highlight \
the option and press Return to mark it [X].
Name service
[ ] NIS+
[ ] NIS
[ ] DNS
[ ] LDAP
[X] None
F2_Continue F6_Help
Specify the name service you will be using. Refer to Chapter 12, for more information.
| 19. | This system will not be using a name service, only local /etc files, so I selected None and pressed F2 to continue. The following confirmation menu displays next:
Confirm Information
> Confirm the following information. If it is correct, \
press F2; to change any information, press F4.
Name service: None
F2_Continue F4_Change F6_Help | 20. | If everything looks okay, press F2 to continue. The following menu displays next:
Subnets
On this screen you must specify whether this system is \
part of a subnet. If you specify incorrectly, the system \
will have problems communicating on the network after you reboot.
> To make a selection, use the arrow keys to highlight \
the option and press Return to mark it [X].
System part of a subnet
[ ] Yes
[X] No
F2_Continue F6_Help | 21. | This question was asked earlier, and it's asked again. If your system is part of a subnet, answer Yes. For this example, the system is not part of a subnet, so I answered No and pressed F2 to continue. The following menu displays next:
Time Zone
On this screen you must specify your default time zone. \
You can specify a time zone in three ways: select one of \
the geographic regions from the list, select other - offset \
from GMT, or other - specify time zone file.
> To make a selection, use the arrow keys to highlight \
the option and press Return to mark it [X].
Continents and Oceans
- [ ] Africa
[X] Americas
[ ] Antarctica
[ ] Arctic Ocean
[ ] Asia
[ ] Atlantic Ocean
[ ] Australia
[ ] Europe
[ ] Indian Ocean
F2_Continue F6_Help | 22. | The next two menus will ask you to provide information about your default time zone. First select your region and press F2 to continue. A subsequent menu will appear, asking for specifics about that particular region, as follows:
Time Zone
> To make a selection, use the arrow keys to highlight \
the option and press Return to mark it [X].
Countries and Regions
- [X] United States
[ ] Anguilla
[ ] Antigua & Barbuda
[ ] Argentina
[ ] Aruba
[ ] Bahamas
[ ] Barbados
[ ] Belize
[ ] Bolivia
[ ] Brazil
[ ] Canada
[ ] Cayman Islands
[ ] Chile
F2_Continue F5_Cancel F6_Help | 23. | Continue to make your selection on subsequent menus to specify your time zone and press F2 to continue. The following menu will appear, asking you to verify the date and time:
Date and Time
> Accept the default date and time or enter new values.
Date and time: 2005-08-08 15:42
Year (4 digits) : 2005
Month ( 1-12 ) : 08
Day ( 1-31 ) : 08
Hour ( 0-23 ) : 15
Minute ( 0-59 ) : 42
F2_Continue F6_Help | 24. | Modify the time as required and press F2 to continue. The following confirmation screen will display:
Confirm Information
> Confirm the following information. If it is correct, \
press F2; to change any information, press F4.
System part of a subnet: No
Time zone: United States / Michigan
(US/Michigan)
Date and time: 2005-08-08 15:42:00
F2_Continue F4_Change F6_Help | 25. | If everything is correct, press F2 to continue and the following menu will open asking you to set the root password:
--Root Password -------------
Please enter the root password for this system.
The root password may contain alphanumeric and special
characters. For
security, the password will not be displayed on the screen as
you type it.
> If you do not want a root password, leave both entries blank.
Root password: ****
Root password: **** | 26. | Set the root password by entering it twice and press F2 to continue.
| 27. | The system identification portion of the installation is complete. Following the system identification portion of the installation, you'll see the following dialog displayed:
---Solaris Interactive Installation ----------------
On the following screens, you can accept the defaults or you
can customize
how Solaris software will be installed by:
- Selecting the type of Solaris software to install
- Selecting disks to hold software you've selected
- Selecting unbundled products to be installed with Solaris
- Specifying how file systems are laid out on the disks
After completing these tasks, a summary of your selections (called a
profile) will be displayed.
There are two ways to install your Solaris software:
- "Standard" installs your system from a standard Solaris
Distribution.
Selecting "Standard" allows you to choose between initial
install
and upgrade, if your system is upgradable.
"Flash" installs your system from one or more Flash Archives.
F2_Standard F4_Flash F5_Exit F6_Help Caution
The Initial Option Destroys Data All data on the operating system slices will be lost. These slices include / (root), /usr, /opt, and /var.
| 28. | The upgrade option is available if you are currently running Solaris 7, 8, or 9 and you want to upgrade to Solaris 10. As described earlier in this chapter, the upgrade option preserves all customizations you made in the previous version of Solaris. For this example, I pressed F4 to select the Initial option, which is a complete reinstallation of the software, and the following menu was displayed:
--- Eject a CD/DVD Automatically?--------------------------------
During the installation of Solaris software, you may be using
one or more
CDs/DVDs. You can choose to have the system eject each CD/DVD
automatically
after it is installed or you can choose to manually eject each
CD/DVD.
[X] Automatically eject CD/DVD
[ ] Manually eject CD/DVD
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F5_Exit | 29. | I selected the option to have the CD automatically ejected when complete. After pressing F2 to continue, you'll be asked about rebooting after the installation completes as shown in the following menu:
--- Reboot After Installation? ------------------------------------
After Solaris software is installed, the system must be rebooted
. You can
choose to have the system automatically reboot, or you can choose to
manually reboot the system if you want to run scripts or do other
customizations before the reboot. You can manually reboot a
system by using
the reboot(1M) command.
[X] Auto Reboot
[ ] Manual Reboot
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F5_Exit | 30. | I selected Auto Reboot and pressed F2 to continue. You'll get a message that the system is initializing and loading the install media. The system will hesitate for approximately 60 seconds as the media is being loaded from the CD followed by a license agreement as shown below:
--License ----------------------------------
Sun Microsystems, Inc. ("Sun")
SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT
READ THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT ("AGREEMENT") CAREFULLY BEFORE
OPENING SOFTWARE MEDIA PACKAGE. BY OPENING SOFTWARE MEDIA
PACKAGE, YOU AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU ARE
ACCESSING SOFTWARE ELECTRONICALLY, INDICATE YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF
THESE TERMS BY SELECTING THE "ACCEPT"(OR EQUIVALENT) BUTTON AT
THE END OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE
TERMS, PROMPTLY RETURN THE UNUSED SOFTWARE TO YOUR PLACE OF
PURCHASE FOR A REFUND OR, IF SOFTWARE IS ACCESSED ELECTRONICALLY,
SELECT THE "DECLINE" (OR EQUIVALENT) BUTTON AT THE END OF THIS
AGREEMENT. IF YOU HAVE SEPARATELY AGREED TO LICENSE TERMS
("MASTER TERMS") FOR YOUR LICENSE TO THIS SOFTWARE, THEN SECTIONS
1-6 OF THIS AGREEMENT ("SUPPLEMENTAL LICENSE TERMS") SHALL
SUPPLEMENT AND SUPERSEDE THE MASTER TERMS IN RELATION TO THIS
SOFTWARE.
1. Definitions.
F2_Accept License F5_Exit | 31. | Read the Licensing terms and if you agree, press F2 to accept the agreement. The next menu that is displayed will ask you to select the geographic regions for which support will be installed as follows:
-- Select Geographic Regions -------------------------
Select the geographic regions for which support should be installed.
> [ ] Asia
> [ ] Northern Africa
> [ ] Middle East
> [ ] South America
> [ ] Central America
> [ ] Australasia
> [ ] Southern Europe
> [ ] Northern Europe
> [ ] Eastern Europe
> [ ] Central Europe
> [ ] North America
> [ ] Western Europe | 32. | A selection is optional. Select a region or leave it unselected and press F2. I did not select a region, I pressed F2 and the following menu was displayed:
--- Select System Locale ---------------------------
Select the initial locale to be used after the system has been
installed.
[X] POSIX C ( C )
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F5_Exit F6_Help | 33. | | 34. | Press F2 to continue and the following software installation menu appears asking you to select additional products to install. These are Extra products and applications that can be installed from the Installation CD or DVD after the OS installation is complete.
---Select Products -----------------------------------
Select the products you would like to install.
> [ ] Solaris 10 Extra Value Software................. 0.00 MB
> [ ] Solaris 10 Documentation........................ 0.00 MB
> [ ] Java Enterprise System.......................... 0.00 MB
> [ ] Solaris Software Companion CD................... 0.00 MB
Move left, right, up, down using the arrow keys
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Product Info F5_Exit
F6_Help | 35. | For the example, I did not select any additional software products to install. Select F2 to continue and the next window asks if there are any applications from other sources to install as follows:
---Additional Products ----------------------------------
To scan for additional products, select the location you wish
to scan.
Products found at the selected location that are in a Web Start
Ready
install form will be added to the Products list.
Web Start Ready product scan location:
[X] None
[ ] CD/DVD
[ ] Network File System
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F5_Exit | 36. | For the example, I have no other application to install so I selected none and pressed F2 to continue. The next window asks me to select the software group that I would like installed:
--- Select Software ----------------------------------
Select the Solaris software to install on the system.
NOTE: After selecting a software group, you can add or remove
software by
customizing it. However, this requires understanding of software
dependencies and how Solaris software is packaged.
[ ] Entire Distribution plus OEM support ....... 4779.00 MB
[X] Entire Distribution ........................ 4737.00 MB
[ ] Developer System Support ................... 4602.00 MB
[ ] End User System Support .................... 3555.00 MB
[ ] Core System Support ........................ 777.00 MB
[ ] Reduced Networking Core System Support ..... 736.00 MB
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Customize F5_Exit F6_Help Note
Default Software Group The Entire Distribution software group is selected by default. After you select the software group you want to install, if you press F4, you will see an interactive menu that allows you to select and deselect software packages within a particular software group.
| 37. | | 38. | | 39. | | 40. | Press F2. The system automatically lays out the file systems. Sizes are determined by the software packages you selected. If you plan to add additional software, you can modify the file system sizes in later steps. You'll next see the following dialog:
Automatically Layout File Systems
On this screen you must select all the file systems you want \
auto-layout to create, or accept the default file systems shown.
NOTE: For small disks, it may be necessary for auto-layout to \
break up some of the file systems you request into smaller file \
systems to fit the available disk space. So, after auto-layout \
completes, you may find file systems in the layout that you did \
not select from the list below.
File Systems for Auto-layout
========================================
[X] /
[ ] /opt
[ ] /usr
[ ] /usr/openwin
[ ] /var
[X] swap
F2_Continue F5_Cancel F6_Help | 41. | Make your selection(s) and press F2.
Note
/usr, /var, and /opt I recommend adding /usr, /var, and /opt as separate file systems. /usr provides a separate file system for most of the Solaris binary files. /var allows space for system log files, spooled software packages, and many other things that can take up a large amount of disk space. It's not recommended that you make /var part of the root file system. /usr and /opt will provide space for additional software packages that you will add later. Again, it's not recommended that /opt and /usr be part of the root file system.
For this example, I selected these additional file systems. You'll see the following dialog:
--- File System and Disk Layout ------------------------------------
The summary below is your current file system and disk layout,
based on the
information you've supplied.
NOTE: If you choose to customize, you should understand file
systems, their
intended purpose on the disk, and how changing them may affect
the operation
of the system.
File sys/Mnt point Disk/Slice
Size
========================================================================
/ c0t0d0s0
193 MB
/var c0t0d0s1
111 MB
overlap c0t0d0s2
78528 MB
swap c0t0d0s3
513 MB
/opt c0t0d0s5
27 MB
/usr c0t0d0s6
4056 MB
/export/home c0t0d0s7
73625 MB
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Customize F5_Exit
F6_Help | 42. | At this point, you can further customize the slice sizes by pressing F4. You'll then be given a menu to select new sizes for each slice. I'm going to change a few slice sizes, so I'm going to press F4. The following menu displays:
--- Customize Disk: c0t0d0 --------------------------------------
Boot Device: c0t0d0s0
Entry: / Recommended: 148 MB
Minimum: 126 MB
================================================================================
Slice Mount Point Size (MB)
0 / 193
1 /var 111
2 overlap 78528
3 swap 513
4 0
5 /opt 27
6 /usr 4056
7 /export/home 73625
================================================================================
Capacity: 78528 MB
Allocated: 78525 MB
Rounding Error: 3 MB
Free: 0 MB
F2_OK F4_Options F5_Cancel F6_Help | 43. | I begin by decreasing the size of /export/home to 5,000MB. Then I'll increase / to 1,000MB. I'll allocate 3,000MB to /var, 8,000MB to /usr, and 1,000MB to /opt. I'm then going to add another slice called /data and make it 60,012MB. When you're satisfied with the way the slices are sized, press F2 to continue. The following dialog will display:
--- File System and Disk Layout -------------------
The summary below is your current file system and disk layout,
based on the
information you've supplied.
NOTE: If you choose to customize, you should understand file
systems, their
intended purpose on the disk, and how changing them may affect
the operation
of the system.
File sys/Mnt point Disk/Slice
Size
========================================================================
/ c0t0d0s0
1000 MB
/var c0t0d0s1
3000 MB
overlap c0t0d0s2
78528 MB
swap c0t0d0s3
513 MB
/data c0t0d0s4
60012 MB
/opt c0t0d0s5
1000 MB
/usr c0t0d0s6
8000 MB
/export/home c0t0d0s7
5000 MB
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Customize F5_Exit F6_Help | 44. | Double-check your selections and press F2 when you're ready to go to the next step. This is a good time to verify all of your selections. Make sure swap is adequate for the type of server you are installing. It seems you can never have too much swap space or space on the /var, /opt, and /usr file systems. In other words, err on the side of being too large, not too small.
Note
Allow Space for Upgrades Sun recommends adding 30% to each file system that you create to enable you to upgrade to future Solaris versions. In the past, each new Solaris release has required approximately 10% more disk space than the previous release. By allowing 30% extra space, you can upgrade several times before you need to increase slice sizes.
Many servers today come with 72GB disk drives. I use the entire drive for the operating system. Most of my servers also run a third-party performance-monitoring package that can create huge log files in /var. Operating system patches can also use up a lot of space in /var. You'll find that you're constantly adding patches to a server because of the vast array of applications and hardware components you're supporting. I usually go crazy a little and allocate a few gigabytes to each of the file systems.
Also, it's difficult to estimate your swap requirements on a server. These servers can run for months without a reboot and might be supporting several database applications or users. Again, allocate ample swapno less than twice the amount of RAM. System performance will not be degraded if you allocate too much swap space. Too much swap space will simply waste disk space. Disk space is cheap, however, compared to the cost of running out of swap and crashing an application during peak production times. When you're satisfied with your selections, press F2 and the following dialog will display:
Mount Remote File Systems?
Do you want to mount software from a remote file server? \
This may be necessary if you had to remove software because \
of disk space problems.
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Remote Mounts F5_Exit F6_Help | 45. | | 46. | Verify the information and press F2 if you agree.
Caution
By pressing F2 to begin the installation, all file systems, except any that were preserved, will be destroyed. If you press F5 to cancel, the installation will be aborted, all changes will be lost, and the disk will be unchanged.
Note
Slice Sizing Slice sizes and disk space requirements were discussed earlier in this chapter. Review the sections titled "Software Groups" and "Disk Storage" if you are unsure of the slices and sizes that have been set up by the installation program.
You'll see the following dialog as the software is being installed:
Preparing system for Solaris install
Configuring disk (c0t0d0)
- Creating Solaris disk label (VTOC)
Creating and checking UFS file systems
- Creating / (c0t0d0s0)
- Creating /var (c0t0d0s1)
- Creating /data (c0t0d0s4)
- Creating /opt (c0t0d0s5)
- Creating /usr (c0t0d0s6)
- Creating /export/home (c0t0d0s7)
Beginning Solaris software installation
Solaris Initial Install
MBytes Installed: 1.00
MBytes Remaining: 3010.14
A meter will appear at the bottom of the screen, showing the progress of the installation. When it reaches 100%, the system will reboot. After it boots up, you'll see the following screen:
This system is configured with NFS version 4, which uses a domain
name that is automatically derived from the system's name
services.
The derived domain name is sufficient for most
configurations. In a
few cases, mounts that cross different domains might
cause files to
be owned by "nobody" due to the lack of a common domain name.
Do you need to override the system's default NFS version
4 domain
name (yes/no) ? [no] :
Respond with No to continue. The system will reboot and prompt you for the next media choice.
| 47. | Select the CD option, insert the Solaris 2 CD-ROM and click OK to continue. As the installation continues, you'll continue to be prompted to load and unload the remaining CDs. After the system completes loading all CDs, the system will reboot and the login screen will be displayed.
Note
Depending on the Energy Star version for your particular system, you may be prompted to enable the automatic power saving feature of your system. If your system uses Energy Star version 3 or later, you are not prompted for this information.
This completes the installation of the Solaris operating system.
|
|
You'll find various log files associated with the installation in the /var/sadm directory. For example, the /var/sadm/install_data/install_log contains all messages generated by the installation program.
Configuring Power Management
You can manually configure the power management configuration for your system by using the pmconfig command. A user has permission to change the Power Management configuration of his or her system using pmconfig only if the user is allowed to do so according to PMCHANGEPERM keyword of /etc/default/power file.
pmconfig first resets the Power Management state back to its default and then reads the new Power Management configuration from /etc/power.conf and issues the commands to activiate the new configuration. The pmconfig utility is run at system boot. This utility can also be run from the command line after manual changes have been made to the /etc/power.conf file. For editing changes made to the /etc/power.conf file to take effect, users must run pmconfig.
The following is what the /etc/power.conf file looks like on a system that has power management configured:
more /etc/power.conf
# Copyright (c) 1996 - 2001 by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
# All rights reserved.
#
#pragma ident "@(#)power.conf 1.16 01/03/19 SMI"
#
# Power Management Configuration File
#
# This entry keeps removable media from being powered down unless the
# console framebuffer and monitor are powered down
# (See removable-media(9P))
device-dependency-property removable-media /dev/fb
autopm default
# Auto-Shutdown Idle(min) Start/Finish(hh:mm) Behavior
autoshutdown 60 17:00 7:00 shutdown
autopm default
statefile /export/home/.CPR
In this example, power management is configured to autoshutdown the system when it has been idle for 60 minutes anytime between the time of 5:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. To disable autoshutdown, change the following lines in the /etc/power.conf file:
# Auto-Shutdown Idle(min) Start/Finish(hh:mm) Behavior
autoshutdown 60 17:00 7:00 noshutdown
Note that shutdown has been changed to noshutdown in the /etc/power.conf file.
The dtpower GUI also allows the configuration of /etc/power.conf file. For ease-of-use, it is recommended that you use dtpower GUI to configure the parameters in the /etc/power.conf file.
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