Symbols
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| E
| F
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| H
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Index: D
- dollar sign ($)
 
  - $* argument
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 45.30.1. Matching with expr 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 46.7. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters 
  
  
  - $@ argument
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 44.15.1. With the  $@"
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 45.30.1. Matching with expr 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 46.7. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters 
    
- passing arguments to getopt
: UNIX Power Tools, 44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing 
  
    
  - $! variable
: UNIX Power Tools, 47.2.5. Variable Syntax 
  
- $$ command-line arguments
: UNIX Power Tools, 44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts 
  
- $# command-line argument
: UNIX Power Tools, 44.15.3. Counting Arguments with $# 
  
- $- test
: UNIX Power Tools, 2.11. Faster ksh and bash Startup with $- Test 
  
- $< variable
: UNIX Power Tools, 47.2.1.2. Reading Files 
  
- $() command
: UNIX Power Tools, 45.31. Nested Command Substitution 
  
- $(( ))
: (see arithmetic expressions)
  
- $? variable
: UNIX Power Tools, 47.2.1.4. More Elaborate Combinations 
  
- $' ANSI C string delimiter in next release
: Learning the Korn Shell, A.7. The Future of the Korn Shell
  
- $0, $1, $2, ...
  
          
    - UNIX Power Tools, 44.11. Set Exit Status of a Shell (Script) 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 44.15. Handling Command-Line Arguments in Shell Scripts 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators 
    
- sed & awk, 2.4.1. Running awk
    
- sed & awk, 7.5.1. Referencing and Separating Fields
  
       
  - built-in variable
  
 
    - Learning the Korn Shell, 2.2. The History File
    
- Learning the Korn Shell, 8.4.2. Process ID Variables and Temporary Files
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes 
  
   
  - in C shell
: UNIX Power Tools, 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays 
  
- for last input line
: sed & awk, 4.2. A Global Perspective on Addressing
  
- metacharacter (regular expression operator)
  
   
    - UNIX Power Tools, 26.4.1. The Anchor Characters: ^ and $ 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 44.6. Pattern Matching in case Statements 
    
- sed & awk, 3.2. A Line-Up of Characters
    
- sed & awk, 3.2.7. Positional Metacharacters
  
    
  - in multiline pattern space
: sed & awk, 6.1.1. Append Next Line
  
- quoting and
: UNIX Power Tools, 8.14.2. How Quoting Works 
  
- with variable names
: UNIX Power Tools, 6.8. Shell Variables 
   
- d command (sed)
 
  - sed & awk, 4.2. A Global Perspective on Addressing
  
- sed & awk, 5.4. Delete
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 10, Reference: d
  
- H command with
: sed & awk, 6.3. Hold That Line
    
- D command (sed)
 
  - sed & awk, 5.4. Delete
  
- sed & awk, 6.1.2. Multiline Delete
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 10, Reference: D
  
- with P and N commands
: sed & awk, 6.1.3. Multiline Print
    
- d command (ed)
: sed & awk, 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed
- daemons
: UNIX Power Tools, 1.14. The Kernel and Daemons 
  
  - controlling terminal and
: UNIX Power Tools, 38.6. The Controlling Terminal 
  
- restarting with the kill command
: UNIX Power Tools, 38.11. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script
  
- dash
: (see - (hyphen))
- data keywords, SCCS
: UNIX in a Nutshell, 17.4. Data Keywords
- data swutches
: Learning the UNIX Operating System, 1.1.1.2. Connecting with a data switch
- data transmission, verifying
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: sum
- databases
     
  - created using awk
: UNIX Power Tools, 48.10. Working with Names and Addresses 
  
- files for email messages
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: gencat
  
- index program for creating
: UNIX Power Tools, 48.11. The index Database Program 
  
- searching
: UNIX Power Tools, 17.19. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database 
    
- date and time
 
  - Learning the Korn Shell, 1.7.2. I/O Redirection
  
- Learning the Korn Shell, 6.2. Integer Variables and Arithmetic
  
- date and time
 
  - access times
: UNIX Power Tools, 16.5. The Three UNIX File Times 
  
- appending date to filenames
: UNIX Power Tools, 21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename 
  
- calendars
  
   
    - cal program
    
 
      - UNIX Power Tools, 48.6. Get Calendar for Any Month or Year: cal 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 48.7. cal That Marks Today's Date 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 48.8. Calendar for 132-Column Terminals or Printers 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 48.9. PostScript Calendars with pcal 
      
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: cal
    
     
    - cal_today script
    
 
      - UNIX Power Tools, 48.7. cal That Marks Today's Date 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
    
  
    - calen program
    
 
      - UNIX Power Tools, 48.8. Calendar for 132-Column Terminals or Printers 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
    
  
    - calendar program
    
 
      - UNIX Power Tools, 40.11. Send Yourself Reminder Mail 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 48.4. Automatic Reminders and More: calendar 
      
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: calendar
    
   
  
  - date command
  
 
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 1.1.6.1. date
    
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 5.1.1.1. The > operator
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 7.12. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.16. Picking a Unique Filename Automatically 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 51.10. The date Command 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: date
    
- cal program using
: UNIX Power Tools, 48.7. cal That Marks Today's Date 
    
- examples
: UNIX Power Tools, 51.10. The date Command 
  
          
  - file modification
: (see timestamps)
  
- formats accepted by calendar
: UNIX Power Tools, 48.4.1. How calendar Works 
  
- process execution time
: Learning the UNIX Operating System, 6.2.1. ps
  
- specifying with RCS
: UNIX in a Nutshell, 18.3.5. Specifying the Date
  
- temporal usage information
  
     
    - UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: time
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: timex
  
  
  - time command
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 39.2. Timing Programs 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 47.2.2.1. Built-Ins 
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: time
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 4, Reference: time
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 5, Reference: time
    
- examples
: UNIX Power Tools, 47.2.2.1. Built-Ins 
  
      
  - time variable
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 6.9. Special C Shell Variables 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 39.3. The csh time variable 
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, 5.3.3. Predefined Shell Variables
    
- format string tags
: UNIX Power Tools, 39.3. The csh time variable 
  
    
  - time daemon
: UNIX Power Tools, 51.2. How UNIX Keeps Time
  
- time management
: sed & awk, 11.2.3.11. Time management for programmers
  
- timeout keyword
: UNIX Power Tools, 9.26. Expect 
  
- time-sharing processes, scheduling priority of
: UNIX Power Tools, 39.9. Know When to Be "nice" to OTher Users...and When
  
- times command
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 4, Reference: times
  
- timestamps
  
      
    - UNIX Power Tools, 16.5. The Three UNIX File Times 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 17.8. Exact File Time Comparisons 
    
- backups and
: UNIX Power Tools, 20.7. Creating a Timestamp File for Selective Backups 
    
- listing/finding files by
    
    
      - UNIX Power Tools, 16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.9. An Alias to List Recently Changed Files 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.18. Listing Files You've Created/Edited Today 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.25. Listing Files by Age and Size 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.27. newer: Print the Name of the Newest File 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 17.5. Searching for Old Files 
    
      
    - storing
: UNIX Power Tools, 2.15. Unclutter Logins: Show Login Messages Just Once 
    
- touch command
: UNIX Power Tools, 21.7. Setting File Modification Time with touch 
  
  
  - timezones, TZ variable for
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 6.6. The TZ Environment Variable 
  
  
  - timex command
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 39.2. Timing Programs 
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: timex
  
  
  - timing programs
: UNIX Power Tools, 39.2. Timing Programs 
  
- timing report, customizing
: UNIX Power Tools, 39.3. The csh time variable 
  
- on UNIX systems
  
   
    - UNIX Power Tools, 39.1. Which Time Is It? 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 51.2. How UNIX Keeps Time
  
  
- day-of-month in crontab entries
: UNIX Power Tools, 40.12.1. Execution Scheduling 
- dbm files
: UNIX Power Tools, 24.18. Huge Files Might Not Take a Lot of Disk Space 
- dbx debugger
   
  - Learning the Korn Shell, 10.2.2. ulimit
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dbx
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, 20.2. The Dbx Debugger
   
- dbxenv command (dbx)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 20, Reference: dbxenv
- dc command
  
  - Learning the Korn Shell, 8.5.4. Coroutines with Two-way Pipes
  
- Learning the Korn Shell, 8.6.2. Nested Subshells
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 49.1. bc: Simple Math at the Shell Prompt 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dc
  
- (see also bc command; calculators)
     
- DCL
: (see VAX/VMS command language)
- dd command
  
  - UNIX Power Tools, 35.6. Low-Level File Butchery with dd 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 35.12. Converting Between ASCII and EBCDIC 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 35.13. Other Conversions with dd 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dd
  
- performance and
: UNIX Power Tools, 20.6. Writing a Tape Drive on a Remote Machine 
  
- restoring from remote tape drives
  
       
    - UNIX Power Tools, 20.5. Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 35.13. Other Conversions with dd 
  
  
- dead processes
: (see zombies)
- dead.letter file
: Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.4.1. Sending Mail
- debug command (dbx)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 20, Reference: debug
- debuggers
    
  - Learning the Korn Shell, 6.1.3.1. More About C Compilers
  
- Learning the Korn Shell, 9. Debugging Shell Programs
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, 20. Program Debugging
  
- dbx
  
    
    - Learning the Korn Shell, 10.2.2. ulimit
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dbx
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, 20.2. The Dbx Debugger
  
   
  - essential features
: Learning the Korn Shell, 9.2. A Korn Shell Debugger
  
- sdb
  
  
    - Learning the Korn Shell, 10.2.2. ulimit
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: sdb
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, 20.1. The Sdb Debugger
  
   
- debugging
 
  - UNIX Power Tools, 44.9. Testing Your Success 
  
- sed & awk, 10.7. Debugging
  
- (see also errors; standard error)
  
- aborted programs
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: sdb
  
- Bourne shell scripts
  
     
    - UNIX Power Tools, 44.8. Test Exit Status with the if Statement 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 46.1. Tips for Debugging Shell Scripts 
  
  
  - C programs
  
 
    - UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: ctrace
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lint
  
  
  - core dumps
: Learning the Korn Shell, 10.2.2. ulimit
  
- dbx command
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dbx
  
- echo command used for
: UNIX Power Tools, 46.2. Quoting Trouble?  Think, Then Use echo 
  
- output
  
    
    - UNIX Power Tools, 46.1.1. Use -xv 
    
- (see also standard output)
  
  
  - piping to pager
: UNIX Power Tools, 46.1.1. Use -xv 
  
- print command with
: sed & awk, 5.8. Print
  
- shell code
  
   
    - Learning the Korn Shell, Summary of Korn Shell Features
    
- Learning the Korn Shell, 9.1. Basic Debugging Aids
    
- Learning the Korn Shell, 9.2. A Korn Shell Debugger
    
- (see also kshdb)
    
- basics
: Learning the Korn Shell, 9.1. Basic Debugging Aids
    
- options
: (see options, noexec, verbose, xtrace)
    
- with print
: Learning the Korn Shell, 9.1. Basic Debugging Aids
  
       
- decimals, ASCII character conversion
: UNIX Power Tools, 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command 
- decrement (--) operator
: sed & awk, 7.6. Expressions
- decryption
: (see encryption)
- default command (csh)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 5, Reference: default
- defining functions
: sed & awk, 9.3. Writing Your Own Functions
- defining variables
: sed & awk, 7.6. Expressions
- <defunct> status under System V
: UNIX Power Tools, 38.10. Destroying Processes with kill 
- DEL (or DELETE) key
        
  - Learning the Korn Shell, 1.9.5. Control Keys
  
- Learning the Korn Shell, 2.3.1. Basic Commands
  
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 1.1.7. Correcting a Mistake
  
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.6. Customizing Your Account
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?) 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 41.2.2. Handling Most Characters 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 51.6. Cleaning script Files 
  
- deleting on command line
: UNIX Power Tools, 9.2. Fix a Line Faster with Line-Kill and Word-Erase 
  
- erase character
: UNIX Power Tools, 51.6. Cleaning script Files 
  
- location for
: UNIX Power Tools, 2.13. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup 
          
- del script
 
  - UNIX Power Tools, 23.6. A Faster Way to Remove Files Interactively 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
  
- deledit pseudo-command (sccs)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, 17.6.2. Pseudo-commands
- delete command
: UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
- delete command (awk)
   
  - UNIX Power Tools, 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands 
  
- sed & awk, 8.4.6. Deleting Elements of an Array
  
- sed & awk, 11.2.1.1. Deleting all elements of an array
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 11, Reference: delete
    
- delete command (dbx)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 20, Reference: delete
- delete command (ed)
: sed & awk, 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed
- delete command (ex)
   
  - UNIX Power Tools, 33.4. Useful ex Commands 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 9, Reference: delete
  
- delete command (sed)
: (see d command (sed); D command (sed))
- delete script
: UNIX Power Tools, 23.9. delete: Protecting Files from Accidental Deletion 
- deleting
   
  - array elements
  
 
    - sed & awk, 8.4.6. Deleting Elements of an Array
    
- sed & awk, 11.1.8. Arrays
    
- sed & awk, 11.2.1.1. Deleting all elements of an array
  
   
  - directories
  
 
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.5. Removing Files and Directories
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.17. Problems Deleting Directories 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.18. How Making and Deleting Directories Works 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 50.12. Common UNIX Error Messages 
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: rmdir
  
     
  - emacs commands for
: UNIX in a Nutshell, 7.2.3. Deletion Commands
  
- errors caused by
: UNIX Power Tools, 50.12. Common UNIX Error Messages 
  
- files
  
   
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.5. Removing Files and Directories
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 1.15. Filenames 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 21.11. Safer Removing, Moving, and Copying 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.2. rm and Its Dangers 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.5. Remove Some, Leave Some 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.10. Deletion with Prejudice: rm -f 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.21. Removing Every File but One 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 45.10. Removing a File Once It's Opened - for Security and Easy Cleanup
    
- from archives
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: ar
    
- emptying files instead of
: UNIX Power Tools, 24.1. Instead of Removing a File, Empty It 
    
- find command and
: UNIX Power Tools, 23.22. Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files 
    
- by i-number
: UNIX Power Tools, 23.16. Removing a Strange File by its I-number 
    
- interactively
: UNIX Power Tools, 23.6. A Faster Way to Remove Files Interactively 
    
- by last access date
: UNIX Power Tools, 23.20. Deleting Stale Files 
    
- safeguards against
    
               
      - UNIX Power Tools, 20.13. SCCS Basics 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 21.11. Safer Removing, Moving, and Copying 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.7. Safer File Deletion in Some Directories 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.9. delete: Protecting Files from Accidental Deletion 
    
    
    - with special filename characters
: UNIX Power Tools, 23.11. Deleting Files with Odd Names 
    
- with unlink command
: UNIX Power Tools, 23.15. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name 
  
  
  - lines
  
 
    - sed & awk, 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed
    
- sed & awk, 5.4. Delete
    
- sed & awk, 6.1.2. Multiline Delete
  
   
  - man pages
: UNIX Power Tools, 23.19. Deleting (BSD) Manual Pages that Aren't Read 
  
- recovering deletions (vi)
  
  
    - from numbered buffers
    
 
      - Learning the vi Editor, 2.3.5.4. Problems with Deletions 
      
- Learning the vi Editor, 4.3. Making Use of Buffers 
      
- Learning the vi Editor, 4.3.1. Recovering Deletions 
    
   
    - with undo
: Learning the vi Editor, 2.3.5.4. Problems with Deletions 
  
 
  - vi commands for
  
 
    - all blank lines
: Learning the vi Editor, 6.4.3. More Examples 
    
- character (x)
: Learning the vi Editor, 2.3.5.3. Characters 
    
- line (dd)
: Learning the vi Editor, 2.3.5.2. Lines 
    
- range of lines (:d)
: Learning the vi Editor, 5.2.2. Defining a Range of Lines 
    
- text (d)
    
     
      - Learning the vi Editor, 2.3.5. Deleting Text Chapter
      
- Learning the vi Editor, 2.3.7. Copying Text 
      
- Learning the vi Editor, 2.6. Review of Basic vi Commands 
      
- Learning the vi Editor, 4.1. More Command Combinations 
    
    
    - to end of line (D)
: Learning the vi Editor, 2.3.5.2. Lines 
    
- to end of sentence
: Learning the vi Editor, 3.2. Movement by Text Blocks 
    
- up to pattern (d/pattern)
: Learning the vi Editor, 3.3.2. Current Line Searches 
    
- word (dw)
: Learning the vi Editor, 2.3.5.1. Words 
  
    
  - whitespace
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 25.9. Adding and Deleting White Space 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 25.13. pushin: Squeeze Out Extra White Space 
  
  
  - wildcards and
: UNIX Power Tools, 23.2. rm and Its Dangers 
 
- delget pseudo-command (sccs)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, 17.6.2. Pseudo-commands
- delimiters
  
  - sed & awk, 7.7. System Variables
  
- sed & awk, 11.1.7. Field Separating
  
- awk
  
   
    - sed & awk, 2.4.1. Running awk
    
- sed & awk, 7.5. Records and Fields
    
- sed & awk, 7.5.1. Referencing and Separating Fields
    
- sed & awk, 7.5.2. Field Splitting: The Full Story
  
    
  - FIELDWIDTHS variable (gawk)
: sed & awk, 11.2.3.6. Separating fields
  
- FS variable
  
  
    - sed & awk, 7.5.1. Referencing and Separating Fields
    
- sed & awk, 7.5.2. Field Splitting: The Full Story
    
- sed & awk, 7.7. System Variables
    
- sed & awk, 11.2.1.2. Obtaining individual characters
  
    
  - OFS variable
: sed & awk, 7.7. System Variables
  
- for regular expressions
  
  
    - sed & awk, 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed
    
- sed & awk, 5.3. Substitution
  
  
  - subscript-component
: sed & awk, 8.5.1. Multidimensional Arrays
 
- delta command (SCCS)
 
  - UNIX Power Tools, 20.13. SCCS Basics 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, 17.2.2. Retrieving a File
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 17, Reference: delta
   
- deroff command
 
  - UNIX Power Tools, 29.10. Just the Words, Please 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: deroff
  
- description file lines (make)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, 19.2. Description File Lines
- description files
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: make
- detach command (dbx)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 20, Reference: detach
- detaching sessions
: UNIX Power Tools, 3.7. Detaching a Session with screen 
- /dev directory
     
  - UNIX Power Tools, 13.1. Using Standard Input and Output
  
- sed & awk, 11.2.1.4. Special filenames
  
- sed & awk, 11.2.3.7. Additional special files
  
- /dev/null file
  
    
    - UNIX Power Tools, 13.14. What Can You Do with an Empty File? 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 13.15. What to Do with a Full Bit Bucket :-) 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 44.10.2. Looping Until a Command Fails 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 45.36. Shell Lockfile 
  
    
  - /dev/tty file
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 13.3. Send (only) Standard Error Down a Pipe 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 47.2.1.1. Writing Files 
  
  
  - /dev/zero file
: UNIX Power Tools, 13.14. What Can You Do with an Empty File? 
 
- /dev/null
 
  - Learning the Korn Shell, 5.2. for
  
- Learning the Korn Shell, 6.1.3. getopts
  
- Learning the Korn Shell, 10.1. Installing the Korn Shell as the Standard Shell
   
- device drivers, resetting
: UNIX Power Tools, 38.15. Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process 
- device numbers
: UNIX Power Tools, 17.22. Finding the Links to a File 
- df command
   
  - UNIX Power Tools, 17.22. Finding the Links to a File 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 24.9. How Much Disk Space? 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: df
  
- examples
: UNIX Power Tools, 45.30.4. Using sed 
     
- diacritical marks (Eqn)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, 16.2.5. Diacritical Marks
- dialback script
: UNIX Power Tools, 9.26.1. Dialback 
- dictionary files
: UNIX Power Tools, 29.1. The UNIX spell Command 
   
  - adding to
: UNIX Power Tools, 29.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary 
 
- diff command
 
  - Learning the Korn Shell, 1.8.1. Background I/O
  
- Learning the Korn Shell, 5.1.1. Exit Status and Return
  
- Learning the vi Editor, 7.4.5. ex Scripts Built by diff 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 2.14. motd.diff: Show New Lines in Login Messages
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 28.1. Checking Differences with diff 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 28.3. Context diffs 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
  
- sed & awk, 4.3. Testing and Saving Output
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: diff
  
- (see also bdiff command; cmp command; ediff command; sdiff command)
  
- -c option
: UNIX Power Tools, 28.3. Context diffs 
  
- -e option
  
            
    - UNIX Power Tools, 28.1. Checking Differences with diff 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 28.9. ex Scripts Built by diff 
  
  
  - example
: UNIX Power Tools, 33.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One 
  
- -f option
: UNIX Power Tools, 16.22. Comparing Two Directory Trees with dircmp 
  
- -h option
: UNIX Power Tools, 28.7. diff for Very Long Files: bdiff 
  
- SCCS utility and
: UNIX in a Nutshell, 17.2.4. Recording Changes
  
- -t option
: UNIX Power Tools, 28.10. Problems with diff and Tabstops 
     
- diff3 script
 
  - UNIX Power Tools, 28.2. Comparing Three Different Versions with diff3 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: diff3
   
- diffmk command
 
  - UNIX Power Tools, 28.15. Show Changes in a troff File with diffmk 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: diffmk
  
- diffs pseudo-command (sccs)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, 17.6.2. Pseudo-commands
- dir command (DOS) 
: (see ls command)
- dir command (ftp)
: Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.2.4. ftp
- dir_path script
    
  - UNIX Power Tools, 16.21. Finding All Directories with the Same Name 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
  
- dircmp command
 
  - UNIX Power Tools, 16.22. Comparing Two Directory Trees with dircmp 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dircmp
  
- directly executable programs
: Learning the UNIX Operating System, 6.2.1. ps
- directories
  
  - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1. The UNIX Filesystem
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.18. How Making and Deleting Directories Works 
  
- !$ sequence and
: UNIX Power Tools, 11.3. My Favorite Is !$ 
  
- . for current directory
  
    
    - Learning the Korn Shell, 1.6.1.3. Changing working directories
    
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.8.1. ls
    
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.2.1. cp
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 18.4.2. Links to a Directory 
  
    
  - .. for parent directory
  
 
    - Learning the Korn Shell, 1.6.1.3. Changing working directories
    
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.5.2. Relative pathnames up
    
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.8.1. ls
    
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.2.1. cp
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 18.4.2. Links to a Directory 
  
     
  - absolute pathnames and
: UNIX Power Tools, 14.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames 
  
- access to
: UNIX Power Tools, 1.25. Access to Directories 
  
- advantages of
: UNIX Power Tools, 4.7. Make More Directories! 
  
- archives/backups of
  
    
    - UNIX Power Tools, 20.1. tar in a Nutshell 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 20.8.1. Including Other Directories 
  
  
  - automatic setup of
: UNIX Power Tools, 14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory 
  
- CD-ROM packages
: UNIX Power Tools, 52.5.3.1. Directory Structure 
  
- changing
: UNIX Power Tools, 14.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath 
  
- comparing contents
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dircmp
  
- copying/moving files to
: UNIX Power Tools, 21.12. Copying Files to a Directory 
  
- creating
  
      
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.1. Creating Directories
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 4.8. Making Directories Made Easier 
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: mkdir
  
   
  - current
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 10.9. Shell Functions 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 14.3. What Good Is a Current Directory? 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 14.4. How Does UNIX Find Your Current Directory? 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 14.13. Which Directory Am I in, Really? 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts 
    
- (see also directories, navigating)
  
      
  - deleting
  
 
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.5. Removing Files and Directories
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.17. Problems Deleting Directories 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 23.18. How Making and Deleting Directories Works 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 50.12. Common UNIX Error Messages 
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: rmdir
  
     
  - directory stack
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 14.6. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays 
  
  
  - emacs hacks
: UNIX Power Tools, 4.4. Directories for Emacs Hacks 
  
- file representation in
: UNIX Power Tools, 18.2. What's Really in a Directory 
  
- files in
: UNIX Power Tools, 1.19. The Tree Structure of the Filesystem 
  
- finding
: UNIX Power Tools, 14.10. Variables Help You Find Directories and Files 
  
- hierarchy of (tree)
  
     
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.3. The Directory Tree
    
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.7. Files in the Directory Tree
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.19. stree: Simple Directory Tree 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.22. Comparing Two Directory Trees with dircmp 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.23. Comparing Filenames in Two Directory Trees 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.5.3.1. Directory Structure 
    
- archives/backups of
: UNIX Power Tools, 20.1. tar in a Nutshell 
    
- changing permissions of
: UNIX Power Tools, 22.7. Using chmod to Change File Permission 
    
- compressing
    
         
      - UNIX Power Tools, 24.8. Save Space: tar and compress a Directory Tree 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 24.12. Compressing a Directory Tree: Fine-Tuning 
    
  
    - copying
: UNIX Power Tools, 18.15. Copying Directory Trees with cp -r 
    
- duplicating
: UNIX Power Tools, 17.17. Duplicating a Directory Tree (No Pathnames with find {} Operator)
    
- find command and
: UNIX Power Tools, 17.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree 
    
- grep command and
: UNIX Power Tools, 17.20. grepping a Directory Tree (and a Gotcha) 
    
- searching
    
     
      - UNIX Power Tools, 17.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree 
      
- UNIX Power Tools, 17.24. Skipping Some Parts of a Tree in find (A More Selective -prune)
    
  
  
  - home
  
 
    - Learning the Korn Shell, 1.6.1.1. The working directory
    
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.1. Your Home Directory
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 1.20. Your Home Directory 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 4.1. What? Me, Organized? 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 14.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables 
  
      
  - linking
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 18.4.2. Links to a Directory 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 18.7. Linking Directories 
  
  
  - Linux protection for
: Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.3.3. More Protection Under Linux
  
- listing, listing contents of
  
  
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.8. Listing Files
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.8. The ls -d Option 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 21.10. Keep a Directory Listing at Top of the Screen: dirtop 
  
   
  - matching with wildcards
: UNIX Power Tools, 15.10. Wildcards that Match Only Directories 
  
- moving
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: mv
  
- names of
  
   
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.2. File and Directory Names
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.21. Finding All Directories with the Same Name 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 45.18.1. Introduction to basename and dirname 
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: mv
  
    
  - navigating
  
 
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.6. Changing Your Working Directory
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 4, Reference: cd
  
  
  - news, accessing
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: news
  
- notification of change to
: UNIX Power Tools, 21.8.1.3. Watching Directories 
  
- ownership
  
   
    - UNIX Power Tools, 22.2.1. User, Group, and World 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 22.3. Who Will Own a New File? 
  
  
  - pathnames
  
 
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.3. The Directory Tree
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.17. Getting Directory Name from a File's Pathname 
  
  
  - permissions
  
 
    - Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.8.1. ls
    
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.3.1. Directory Access Permissions
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 1.25. Access to Directories 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 22.2. Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions 
    
- (see also permissions)
    
- umask command and
: Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.6. Customizing Your Account
  
       
  - printing files to
: UNIX Power Tools, 9.5. Build Strings with { } 
  
- printing names/pathnames of
  
  
    - UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dirname
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: pwd
  
  
  - private
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 4.5. Private (Personal) Directories 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 4.7. Make More Directories! 
  
  
  - remotely mounted
: UNIX Power Tools, 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In 
  
- root
  
  
    - Learning the Korn Shell, 1.6.1. Directories
    
- Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.3. The Directory Tree
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 1.19. The Tree Structure of the Filesystem 
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 1.21. Making Pathnames 
    
- installation process and
: UNIX Power Tools, 52.8.2.6. An Easy Build 
  
     
  - safer file deletion in
: UNIX Power Tools, 23.7. Safer File Deletion in Some Directories 
  
- in search path
: UNIX Power Tools, 8.7. Setting Your Search Path 
  
- subdirectories
: UNIX Power Tools, 1.20. Your Home Directory 
  
   
    - creating
: UNIX Power Tools, 9.5. Build Strings with { } 
    
- links in
: UNIX Power Tools, 18.4.2. Links to a Directory 
    
- listing with ls -R
: UNIX Power Tools, 16.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R 
  
   
  - on tape drives
: UNIX Power Tools, 20.4.1. Restoring a Few Files 
  
- temporary files
: (see /tmp directory)
  
- temporary changes in
: UNIX Power Tools, 13.7.2. Temporary Change of Directory and Environment 
  
- trimming
: UNIX Power Tools, 24.15. Trimming a Directory 
  
- working
: Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.2. Your Working Directory
     
- "directory not empty" error message
: UNIX Power Tools, 50.12. Common UNIX Error Messages 
- dirname command
  
  - Learning the Korn Shell, 4.3.3. Pattern-matching Operators
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.17. Getting Directory Name from a File's Pathname 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 45.18. Using basename and dirname 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dirname
  
- bugs in
: UNIX Power Tools, 45.18.1. Introduction to basename and dirname 
  
- examples
: UNIX Power Tools, 45.18. Using basename and dirname 
  
- loops using
: UNIX Power Tools, 45.18.2. Use with Loops 
        
- dirs command
 
  - UNIX Power Tools, 14.6. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 14.13. Which Directory Am I in, Really? 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 5, Reference: dirs
  
- output in prompt setting
: UNIX Power Tools, 7.11. dirs in Your Prompt: Better than $cwd 
    
- dirtop script
 
  - UNIX Power Tools, 21.10. Keep a Directory Listing at Top of the Screen: dirtop 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
  
- dis command
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dis
- disassembling object files
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dis
- disk bandwidth issues
: UNIX Power Tools, 39.12.3. The I/O Subsystem 
- disk space
    
  - compressing files
: (see compressing/uncompressing files)
  
- emptying files and
: UNIX Power Tools, 24.1. Instead of Removing a File, Empty It 
  
- hard links vs. symbolic links
: UNIX Power Tools, 14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory 
  
- links and
: UNIX Power Tools, 24.4. Save Space with a Link 
  
- log files and
: UNIX Power Tools, 24.2. Save Space with Bit Bucket Log Files and Mailboxes
  
- memory contention
: UNIX Power Tools, 39.12.2. The Memory Subsystem 
  
- quotas
  
       
    - UNIX Power Tools, 22.20. Why Can't You Change File Ownership Under BSD UNIX?
    
- UNIX Power Tools, 24.17. Disk Quotas 
  
  
  - reports on
  
 
    - UNIX Power Tools, 24.9. How Much Disk Space? 
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: cpio
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: df
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: du
  
    
  - strip command and
: UNIX Power Tools, 24.13. Save Space in Executable Files with strip 
  
- trimming directories and
: UNIX Power Tools, 24.15. Trimming a Directory 
  
- unlinking open files and
: UNIX Power Tools, 24.3. Unlinking Open Files Isn't a Good Idea 
  
- vtree program and
: UNIX Power Tools, 16.20. The vtree Visual Directory Tree Programs 
    
- display command (dbx)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 20, Reference: display
- DISPLAY environment variable
  
  - UNIX Power Tools, 2.12. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables 
  
- display, vis compared to
: UNIX Power Tools, 51.7. When You Get Impatient 
- displaying
  
  - calendars
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: calendar
  
- escape sequences
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: col
  
- files by screen (paging)
: (see paging and pagers)
  
- line(s) (ex editor)
: Learning the vi Editor, 5.1. ex Commands 
  
- logged-in users
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: who
  
- man pages
  
      
    - UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: man
    
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: whatis
  
  
  - reverse linefeeds
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: col
  
- system status information
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: who
  
- vi commands
  
   
    - current line number (^G)
    
 
      - Learning the vi Editor, 3.4. Movement by Line Number 
      
- Learning the vi Editor, 3.4.1. The G (Go To) Command if
    
  
    - line numbers (:set nu)
    
 
      - Learning the vi Editor, 2.2.3. Movement Within a Line 
      
- Learning the vi Editor, 3.4. Movement by Line Number 
      
- Learning the vi Editor, 3.4.1. The G (Go To) Command if
    
   
  
- ditroff program
 
  - UNIX Power Tools, 43.13. The Text Formatters nroff, troff, ditroff, ... 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, 12.1. Introduction
  
- (see also troff program)
   
- division (/) operator
: sed & awk, 7.6. Expressions
- do loops
  
  - UNIX Power Tools, 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands 	
  
- sed & awk, 8.2.2. Do Loop
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 11, Reference: do
   
- doctor program
: UNIX Power Tools, 32.13. An Absurd Amusement 
- documentation
: (see help and resources; manual pages)
- documents, comparing
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: diffmk
- dollar sign
: (see $)
- done command
     
  - UNIX Power Tools, 50.3. apropos on Systems Without apropos 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 4, Reference: done
  
- DOS versions of awk
: sed & awk, DOS Versions
- DOS, accessing with UNIX
: Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.6. Files on Other Operating Systems
- dot
: (see .)
- dot files
    
  - UNIX Power Tools, 15.5. Matching All "Dot Files" with Wildcards
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 16.11. Showing Hidden Files with ls -A and -a 
  
- dot-dot (..) directory shortcut
- double quotes
: (see ")
- double-spacing text
: UNIX Power Tools, 25.12. Double Space, Triple Space ... 
- doublespace script
: UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
- Dougherty, Dale
: UNIX Power Tools, 1.7. Power Grows on You 
- down command (dbx)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 20, Reference: down
- download command
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: download
- dpost command
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: dpost
- dragging the mouse
: Learning the UNIX Operating System, 2.4.2. Pointing, Clicking, and Dragging
- du command
          
  - UNIX Power Tools, 24.9. How Much Disk Space? 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc 
  
- UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: du
   
- dumb terminal
 
  - Learning the vi Editor, 2.3.1. Inserting New Text 
  
- Learning the vi Editor, 2.3.5.2. Lines 
  
- dump command (dbx)
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 20, Reference: dump
- dump utility
: UNIX Power Tools, 1.23. File Access Permissions 
- dumps, octal
: UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: od
- dup, file descriptors
: UNIX Power Tools, 47.2.1.1. Writing Files 
- duplicate lines, deleting
     
  - UNIX Power Tools, 35.20. Quick Reference: uniq 
  
- UNIX Power Tools, 36.6. Miscellaneous sort Hints 
  
- DVI format documentation
: UNIX Power Tools, 52.5.3.4. Installing a Single Program 
- dynamic regular expressions
: sed & awk, 11.1.5. Faking Dynamic Regular Expressions
  
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